The Certificate of Advanced European Studies (French: Certificat de Hautes Études Européennes) is a postgraduate qualification, equivalent to a master's degree, that was awarded by the College of Europe, a postgraduate elite school in Bruges, Belgium, from its foundation in 1949 until the late 1980s, upon completion of its 1-year programme. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was gradually replaced by a diploma and eventually by a master's degree. The current master's degree is still based on the same programme, and the Certificate and the newer master's degrees are considered equivalent. The programme was taught partially in English and partially in French, requiring proficiency in both languages.
Students specialized in Law, Economics or Policy and Public Administration, and were required to have a first degree in one of those fields at least at the same level as a bachelor's degree (many had more advanced degrees).
At the time, the College of Europe did not award degrees in the strict sense, similar to French elite schools like ENA.
The equivalent degrees awarded today are:
- Master in European Law (LL M) - equivalent to Certificate of Advanced European Studies, specialization in Law
- Master of Arts in European Economic Studies - equivalent to Certificate of Advanced European Studies, specialization in Economics
- Master of Arts in European Political and Administrative Studies - equivalent to Certificate of Advanced European Studies, specialization in Policy and Public Administration
Read more about Certificate Of Advanced European Studies: People Holding A Certificate of Advanced European Studies
Famous quotes containing the words certificate, advanced, european and/or studies:
“God gave the righteous man a certificate entitling him to food and raiment, but the unrighteous man found a facsimile of the same in Gods coffers, and appropriated it, and obtained food and raiment like the former. It is one of the most extensive systems of counterfeiting that the world has seen.”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)
“Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we are old.”
—Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl Chesterfield (16941773)
“England is nothing but the last ward of the European madhouse, and quite possibly it will prove to be the ward for particularly violent cases.”
—Leon Trotsky (18791940)
“The best laws cannot make a constitution work in spite of morals; morals can turn the worst laws to advantage. That is a commonplace truth, but one to which my studies are always bringing me back. It is the central point in my conception. I see it at the end of all my reflections.”
—Alexis de Tocqueville (18051859)