Species
- Cavia anolaimae (often considered a synonym of C. porcellus) - Colombia
- Cavia aperea – Brazilian Guinea Pig: widespread east of the Andes
- Cavia fulgida – Shiny Guinea Pig: eastern Brazil
- Cavia guianae (often considered a synonym of C. porcellus) - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil
- Cavia intermedia – Intermediate Guinea Pig: Moleques do Sul islands, Santa Catarina, Brazil, first described in 1999
- Cavia magna – Greater Guinea Pig: Uruguay, south-east Brazil
- Cavia nana (often considered a synonym of C. tschudii)
- Cavia porcellus – Domestic Guinea Pig: wild ancestor unknown
- Cavia tschudii – Montane Guinea Pig: Peru south to northern Chile and north-west Argentina
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