Examples
- Many bladder cancers are CIS.
- Cervical cancer is often predated by cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL, previously CIN, a form of dysplasia). The term CIS is not used for the cervix. Instead, the term high grade SIL (HSIL) is used (essentially a synonym). It is this lesion that is detected with the pap smear.
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a rather frequent disease with a high probability of transforming into true breast cancer if left untreated.
- Bowen's disease is squamous carcinoma in situ of the skin.
- Colon polyps often contain areas of CIS that will almost always transform into colon cancer if left untreated.
- High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is equivalent to CIS of the prostate.
- Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) of the lung is the only form of CIS that can kill directly because, in rare cases (the "pneumonic form"), it expands greatly and fills the lungs, preventing breathing and causing other dire effects on the host. Thus, the pneumonic form of BAC is a true malignant entity, but is not "invasive" in the classical sense. For this reason, it is considered a form of CIS by pathologists, but not by oncologists or surgeons and inclusion of this form of cancer among the types of CIS is controversial.
Read more about this topic: Carcinoma In Situ
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