Buddhist Monasticism and Laity
- Disciple 声闻弟子ShengWenDiZi (sāvaka • śrāvaka)
- Male lay follower (忧婆塞 YouPoSai) (upāsaka) and Female lay follower (忧婆夷 YouPoYi) (upāsikā)
- Householder 在家弟子ZaiJiaDiZi
- Dhammacārī — lay devotees who have seriously committed themselves to Buddhist practice for several years
- Anāgārika — lay attendant of a monk
- 近侍Jisha (Japan), JinShi (chinese) — personal attendant of a monastery's abbot or teacher in Chan/Zen Buddhism
- Ngagpa — non-monastic male practitioners of such disciplines as Vajrayana, shamanism, Tibetan medicine, Tantra and Dzogchen
- Thilashin — Burmese Buddhist female lay renunciant
- Mae ji — Buddhist laywomen in Thailand occupying a position somewhere between that of an ordinary lay follower and an ordained monk
- Lower ordination (pabbajja • pravrajya)
- Novice monk (sāmaṇera • śrāmaṇera)
- Novice nun (samaṇerī • śrāmaṇerī)
- Higher ordination (upasampadā)
- Monk (bhikkhu • bhikṣu)
- Nun (bhikkhunī • bhikṣuṇī)
- Titles for Buddhist teachers
- General
- Acariya (Ācārya) — teacher
- Upajjhaya (Upādhyāya) — preceptor
- Pandita — a learned master, scholar or professor in Buddhist philosophy
- Bhante — Venerable Sir
- in Theravada
- in Southeast Asia
- Ayya — commonly used as a veneration in addressing or referring to an ordained Buddhist nun
- in Thailand
- Ajahn — Thai term which translates as teacher
- Luang Por — means "venerable father" and is used as a title for respected senior Buddhist monastics
- in Burma
- Sayādaw — a Burmese senior monk of a monastery
- in China
- 和尚,Heshang — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
- 僧侣,SengLv — Monk
- 住持,ZhuChi — Abbot
- 禅师,ChanShi — Chan/Zen Master
- 法师,FaShi — Dharma Master
- 律师,LvShi — Vinaya Master, teacher who focuses on the discipline and precepts
- 开山祖师,KaiShanZuShi — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
- 比丘,BiQiu — transliteration of Bhikkhu
- 比丘尼,BiQiuNi — transliteration of Bhikkhuni
- 沙弥,ShaMi — transliteration of Samanera
- 沙弥尼,ShaMiNi — transliteration of Samaneri
- 尼姑,NiGu — Nun
- 论师,LunShi — Abhidharma Master, one who is well versed in the psychology, thesis and higher teachings of buddhism
- 师兄,ShiXiong — dharma brothers, used by laity to address each other, note that all male or female lay disciples are called 'Dharma Brothers'
- in Southeast Asia
- General
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- in Japan
- Ajari — a Japanese term that is used in various schools of Buddhism in Japan, specifically Tendai and Shingon, in reference to a "senior monk who teaches students
- 和尚 Oshō — high-ranking or highly virtuous Buddhist monk; respectful designation for Buddhist monks in general
- in Zen
- in Japan
- 开山 Kaisan — founder of a school of Buddhism or the founding abbot of a Zen monastery
- 老师 Roshi — a Japanese honorific title used in Zen Buddhism that literally means "old teacher" or "elder master" and usually denotes the person who gives spiritual guidance to a Zen sangha
- 先生 Sensei — ordained teacher below the rank of roshi
- Zen master — individual who teaches Zen Buddhism to others
- in Korea
- Sunim — Korean title for a Buddhist monk or Buddhist nun
- in Japan
- in Tibetan Buddhism
- Geshe — Tibetan Buddhist academic degree for monks
- Guru
- Khenpo — academic degree similar to that of a doctorate or Geshe. Khenpo's often are made abbots of centers and monasteries
- Khenchen — academic degree similar in depth to post doctorate work. Senior most scholars often manage many Khenpos
- Lama — Tibetan teacher of the Dharma
- Rinpoche — an honorific which literally means "precious one"
- Tulku — an enlightened Tibetan Buddhist lama who has, through phowa and siddhi, consciously determined to take birth, often many times, in order to continue his or her Bodhisattva vow
- in Japan
Read more about this topic: Buddhist Practices
Famous quotes containing the word monasticism:
“Christianity as an organized religion has not always had a harmonious relationship with the family. Unlike Judaism, it kept almost no rituals that took place in private homes. The esteem that monasticism and priestly celibacy enjoyed implied a denigration of marriage and parenthood.”
—Beatrice Gottlieb, U.S. historian. The Family in the Western World from the Black Death to the Industrial Age, ch. 12, Oxford University Press (1993)