Local Volatility
Dupire, as mentioned, is best known for showing how to derive a local volatility model consistent with a surface of option prices across strikes and maturities, establishing the so called Dupire's approach to local volatility for modeling the volatility smile.
This result has been then illustrated in several books, including for example Jim Gatheral's The volatility surface, Matthias R. Fengler (2005) Semiparametric Modeling of Implied Volatility and Mark S. Joshi's The Concepts and Practice of Mathematical Finance (2003).
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“[Urging the national government] to eradicate local prejudices and mistaken rivalships to consolidate the affairs of the states into one harmonious interest.”
—James Madison (1751–1836)