First Travelers and Indian Campaigns
Bozeman led the first group of about 2,000 settlers on the trail in 1864. Indian raids on white settlers increased dramatically from 1864 to 1866, which prompted the U.S. government to order the Army to carry out military campaigns against the Shoshone. Patrick Edward Connor led several of the earliest campaigns. He defeated the Shoshone at the Battle of Bear River and during the Powder River Expedition of 1865, and he defeated the Arapaho at the Battle of the Tongue River.
Read more about this topic: Bozeman Trail
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—Czeslaw Milosz (b. 1911)
“If you tie a horse to a stake, do you expect he will grow fat? If you pen an Indian up on a small spot of earth, and compel him to stay there, he will not be contented, nor will he grow and prosper. I have asked some of the great white chiefs where they get their authority to say to the Indian that he shall stay in one place, while he sees white men going where they please. They can not tell me.”
—Chief Joseph (c. 1840–1904)
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