Bina Agarwal - Concepts and Areas of Focus

Concepts and Areas of Focus

Agarwal writes and researches on a range of subjects dealing with the rural economy. She has creatively used diverse methodologies (from econometric analysis to qualitative assessments) and an interdisciplinary approach, to provide insights on land, livelihoods and property rights; environment and development; the political economy of gender; poverty and inequality; law; and agriculture and technological change. She deals especially with the connectedness of gender inequality, social exclusion, property, and development. Her pioneering work has had an impact globally both within the academia and among policy makers and practitioners. A large part of her work compares countries, especially within South Asia. In A Field of One’s Own (Cambridge University Press, 1994), her most famous work, Agarwal stresses that “the single most important factor affecting women’s situation is the gender gap in command over property.”

Spurred on by Agarwal’s work, and the successful movement she led in 2004-2005, Indian policy makers passed the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act in 2005. This Act gives all Hindu women (married and unmarried) equal rights with men in the ownership and inheritance of property, in particular agricultural land.

Agarwal has consistently challenged standard economic analysis and assumptions. In her writings on the “bargaining approach” to intra-family relations, she challenges unitary household models and extends formal bargaining models to highlight the importance of social norms, social perceptions and property ownership in determining women’s bargaining power. She also demonstrates the interconnectedness of the family, the community, the market and the state in determining a person’s bargaining power in any one sphere. Her paper “Bargaining and Gender Relations” is the single most downloaded paper to date in the journal Feminist Economics. In another article “Bargaining and Legal Change,” Agarwal examines how women in India were able to bargain with the State to pass the inheritance laws of 1956 and bring about its amendment in 2005.

In another important extension of her work on gender, property and power, Agarwal demonstrates in her empirically rigours article “Towards Freedom from Domestic Violence”, that women’s ability to own and inherit land acts as a significant deterrent against marital violence. Her recent books include: Psychology, Rationality and Economic Behaviour (coedited; Palgrave, 2005), Capabilities, Freedom and Equality (co-edited, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2006). Her most recently authored book is Gender and Green Governance (Oxford University Press, Oxford and Delhi, 2010) which has been widely cited and favourably reviewed in both academic journals and the popular press. (EPW and Indian Express)