Battle of Quebec (1775) - Aftermath

Aftermath

On May 22, even before the Americans had been completely driven from the province, Carleton ordered a survey to identify the Canadiens who had helped the American expedition in and around Quebec City. François Baby, Gabriel-Elzéar Taschereau, and Jenkin Williams traveled the province and counted the Canadiens who actively provided such help; they determined that 757 had done so. Carleton was somewhat lenient with minor offenders, and even freed a number of more serious offenders on the promise of good behavior; however, once the Americans had been driven from the province, measures against supporters of the American cause became harsher, with forced labor to repair American destruction of infrastructure during the army's retreat being a frequent punishment. These measures had the effect of minimizing the public expression of support for the Americans for the rest of the war.

Between May 6 and June 1, 1776, nearly 40 British ships arrived at Quebec City. They carried more than 9,000 soldiers under the command of General John Burgoyne, including about 4,000 German soldiers; so-called Hessians from Brunswick and Hanau under the command of Baron Friedrich Adolf Riedesel. These forces, some of which having participated in Carleton's counteroffensive, spent the winter of 1776–77 in the province, putting a significant strain on the population, which numbered only about 80,000. Many of these troops were deployed in 1777 for Burgoyne's campaign for the Hudson Valley.

Three current National Guard units (A/1-69th Inf, 181st Inf, and 182nd Inf) are derived from American units that participated in the Battle of Quebec. There are only thirty currently existing units in the U.S. Army with lineages that go back to the colonial era.