Frictionless Banked Turn
As opposed to a car riding along a flat circle, inclined edges add an additional force that keeps the car in its path and prevents it from being "dragged into" or "pushed out of" the circle. This force is the horizontal component of the car's normal force. In the absence of friction, the normal force is the only one acting on the car in the direction of the center of the circle. Therefore, as per Newton's second law, we can set the horizontal component of the normal force equal to mass multiplied by centripetal acceleration:
Because there is no motion in the vertical direction, the sum of all vertical forces acting on the system must be zero. Therefore we can set the vertical component of the car's normal force equal to its weight:
Solving the above equation for the normal force and substituting this value into our previous equation, we get:
Which is equivalent to:
Solving for velocity we have:
This provides the velocity that in the absence of friction and with a given angle of incline and radius of curvature, will ensure that the car will remain in its designated path. The magnitude of this velocity is also known as the "rated speed" of a turn or curve. Notice that the rated speed of the curve is the same for all massive objects, and a curve that is not inclined will have a rated speed of 0.
Read more about this topic: Banked Turn
Famous quotes containing the words banked and/or turn:
“The winter owl banked just in time to pass
And save herself from breaking window glass.”
—Robert Frost (1874–1963)
“I also heard the whooping of the ice in the pond, my great bed-fellow in that part of Concord, as if it were restless in its bed and would fain turn over, were troubled with flatulency and bad dreams; or I was waked by the cracking of the ground by the frost, as if some one had driven a team against my door, and in the morning would find a crack in the earth a quarter of a mile long and a third of an inch wide.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)