Surname
- Alfred Jules Ayer (1910–1989), British philosopher
- Claire D. Ayer (born 1948), Vermont politician
- David Ayer (born 1968), American screenwriter
- Edward E. Ayer (1841–1927), American antiquarian and benefactor of Newberry Library and the Field Museum of Natural History
- Francis Ayer (1848–1923), American advertising businessman
- Iyer (also spelled Ayer or Ayyar), a Hindu Brahmin community from India
- James Cook Ayer (1818–1878), American patent medicine businessman
- Lewis Malone Ayer, Jr. (1821–1895), Confederate politician
- Nat Ayer (1887–1952), British-American composer
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