Author-date System
Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, is a citation style in which partial citations— for example (Smith 2010, p. 1)—are enclosed within parentheses (round brackets) and embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence, as opposed to the footnote style. They are accompanied by a list of the full citations in alphabetical order in an end section, which is usually called "references," "reference list," "works cited" or "end-text citations."
There are two styles of parenthetical referencing:
- Author-date: primarily used in the sciences and social sciences, and recommended by the American Chemical Society and the American Psychological Association (APA);
- Author-title or author-page: primarily used in the arts and the humanities, and recommended by the Modern Language Association (MLA).
Read more about Author-date System: Origins and Use, Author-date, Author-title, Content Notes
Famous quotes containing the word system:
“We recognize caste in dogs because we rank ourselves by the familiar dog system, a ladderlike social arrangement wherein one individual outranks all others, the next outranks all but the first, and so on down the hierarchy. But the cat system is more like a wheel, with a high-ranking cat at the hub and the others arranged around the rim, all reluctantly acknowledging the superiority of the despot but not necessarily measuring themselves against one another.”
—Elizabeth Marshall Thomas. “Strong and Sensitive Cats,” Atlantic Monthly (July 1994)