Geography
| Part of a series on the |
| History of Nagorno-Karabakh |
|---|
| Ancient History |
| Artsakh |
| Middle Ages |
| Principality of Khachen |
| Kingdom of Artsakh |
| Modern Era |
| Melikdoms of Karabakh |
| Karabakh Khanate |
| Russian Karabakh |
| Early 20th Century |
| Autonomous Oblast |
| Contemporary History |
| Nagorno-Karabakh War |
| Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh |
Artsakh covered the north-eastern range of the Armenian Plateau and was mostly mountainous and forested. In medieval Armenian sources it is styled as a strategic and fortified region. It was bounded by the following Armenian principalities: Utik to the east, Gardman to the northeast, and Syunik to the southwest. The river Arax formed the southern boundary. The Kingdom of Artsakh (1000–1261) also included Gardman, Sodk and some other parts of Gegharkunik (in particular the southeastern shore of Lake Sevan). Its area is estimated to have been 11,528 km2.
Important places (mostly fortified towns) included Parisos, Tigranakert, Sodk, Tsar, Vaykunik, Asteghblur, Goroz and Berdaglukh. The fortress of Tigranakert, which was first excavated in 2005, is believed to be founded by King Tigranes the Great of Armenia in the 1st century BC, although conceivably it could also be founded by King Tigranes I (123-55 BC). Later, in the Caucasian Albanian period, the village of Gyutakan (Armenian: Գյուտական, known as the "Royal Village") became of great importance as the residence of Vachagan III the Pious (467-510 AD), the last King of Caucasian Albania. During early medieval times, the castle of Khachen served for a considerable time as the center of Artsakh.
Read more about this topic: Artsakh
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