Requirement For A Texas Office
The legislature decided in 1853 that all railroads operating in Texas should be headquartered in the state, and that was included in the 1876 constitution as section 3 of Article X. When outside companies began acquiring control of Texas railroads in the 1880s, they were required to retain the Texas corporations. Since only Texas companies could operate in the state, the outside companies could not lease the Texas companies, as decided by the courts in an 1888 lawsuit brought by Attorney General James S. Hogg against the railroads controlled by Jay Gould (International and Great Northern Railroad, Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway, and Texas and Pacific Railway, all leased to the Missouri Pacific Railroad).
These separate Texas companies sometimes took the name of the parent, but often retained their original names. Systems that entered Texas and their local companies included:
- Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway: Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, Panhandle and Santa Fe Railway
- Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway: Chicago, Rock Island and Gulf Railway
- Colorado and Southern Railway: Fort Worth and Denver City Railway
- El Paso and Southwestern Company: El Paso and Southwestern Railroad of Texas
- Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railroad: Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway of Texas
- Kansas City Southern Railway: Texarkana and Fort Smith Railway
- Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company: Louisiana Railway and Navigation Company of Texas
- Louisiana and Arkansas Railway: Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas Railway
- Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway: Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway of Texas
- Missouri, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway: Missouri, Oklahoma and Gulf Railway of Texas
- New Orleans, Texas and Mexico Railroad: Beaumont, Sour Lake and Western Railway, St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway
- St. Louis-San Francisco Railway: St. Louis, San Francisco and Texas Railway, Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway
- St. Louis Southwestern Railway: St. Louis Southwestern Railway of Texas
- Southern Pacific Company: Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway, Houston East and West Texas Railway, Houston and Texas Central Railroad, Texas and New Orleans Railroad
- Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railway: Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railway of Texas
The Interstate Commerce Commission approved a lease of the Texarkana and Fort Smith to the Kansas City Southern in 1933. Texas took the case to the Supreme Court but lost, and section 3 was effectively nullified. The Fort Worth and Denver, the last of the Texas subsidiaries, merged into the Burlington Northern Railroad in 1982.
Read more about this topic: Article X Of The Texas Constitution
Famous quotes containing the words requirement, texas and/or office:
“Reporters for tabloid newspapers beat a path to the park entrance each summer when the national convention of nudists is held, but the cult’s requirement that visitors disrobe is an obstacle to complete coverage of nudist news. Local residents interested in the nudist movement but as yet unwilling to affiliate make observations from rowboats in Great Egg Harbor River.”
—For the State of New Jersey, U.S. public relief program (1935-1943)
“The safety of the republic being the supreme law, and Texas having offered us the key to the safety of our country from all foreign intrigues and diplomacy, I say accept the key ... and bolt the door at once.”
—Andrew Jackson (1767–1845)
“Woman was originally the inventor, the manufacturer, the provider. She has allowed one office after another gradually to slip from her hand, until she retains, with loose grasp, only the so-called housekeeping.... Having thus given up one by one the occupations which required knowledge of materials and processes, and skill in using them ... she rightly feels that what’s left is mere deadening drudgery.”
—Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842–1911)