Family Chief
Geoffrey V (1113 † 1151), Count of Anjou
Azure, six lions rampant or That Geoffrey used this coat is inferred from his memorial enamel, which shows four lions on half of his shield, arranged in a manner to suggest that this was the same as the six-lion shield borne by his grandson William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176 † 1226; illegitimate son of Geoffrey's son Henry II of England) and by William's son William II Longespée (c. 1212 † 1250). |
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Henry II (1133 † 1189), son of previous, king of England, duke of Normandy, count of Anjou. No coat is directly attested for him, but it has been deduced from the bearings of his immediate family that he bore a coat with two lions passant, with the tinctures unknown.
By later tradition, Henry II is said to have used the arms that later came to designate the Duchy of Normandy: gules, two lions passant guardant in pale or This coat was used by:
In French blazoning, the lion passant guardant was often termed a léopard. However, this usage was never widespread in England, and is long obsolete. |
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or perhaps or |
Richard I the Lionheart (1157 † 1199), son of previous, king of England, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, count of Anjou and Poitiers His arms are only known from two armorial seals, and hence the tinctures can not be determined. His First Great Seal showed one lion on half of the shield. It is debated whether this was meant to represent two lions combattant or a single lion, and if the latter, whether the direction in which the lion is facing is relevant or simply an artistic liberty. A simple lion rampant is most likely. At the end of his life, his second seal showed three lions, clearly the three-lion coat used by his successors. |
Kings of England and dukes of Aquitaine from 1198 to 1340 :
gules, three lions passant guardant in pale or. |
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Kings of England and dukes of Aquitaine from 1340 to 1400 :
In 1340, Edward III claimed the throne of France as an inheritance from his mother, Isabella, da. of King Philip IV of France, and adopted new arms, Quarterly France and England. Such arms are termed "Arms of Pretension", where a sovereign adopts arms illustrative of a claim de jure (by right) to the throne of another kingdom. |
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Kings of England from 1400 to 1603 :
In 1376, the kings of France altered the royal coat of arms, replacing the field semé-de-lis with three fleurs-de-lis, alluding to the Trinity. This new design is referred to as France Moderne, the previous one being France Ancien. From about 1400 the kings of England imitated this change. As modified, the monarchs of England continued to bear arms in this form until the crown union with Scotland in 1603. |
Read more about this topic: Armorial Of Plantagenet
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