History
The identity of the oldest Arabic grammarian is disputed: some sources state that it was ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʾAbī ʾIsḥāq (died AD 735/6, AH 117), while medieval sources say Abu-Aswad al-Du'ali established diacritical marks and vowels for Arabic in the mid-600s. The schools of Basra and Kufa further developed grammatical rules in the late 700s with the rapid rise of Islam.
Read more about this topic: Arabic Grammar
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“History has neither the venerableness of antiquity, nor the freshness of the modern. It does as if it would go to the beginning of things, which natural history might with reason assume to do; but consider the Universal History, and then tell us,—when did burdock and plantain sprout first?”
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“If man is reduced to being nothing but a character in history, he has no other choice but to subside into the sound and fury of a completely irrational history or to endow history with the form of human reason.”
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