History
The identity of the oldest Arabic grammarian is disputed: some sources state that it was ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʾAbī ʾIsḥāq (died AD 735/6, AH 117), while medieval sources say Abu-Aswad al-Du'ali established diacritical marks and vowels for Arabic in the mid-600s. The schools of Basra and Kufa further developed grammatical rules in the late 700s with the rapid rise of Islam.
Read more about this topic: Arabic Grammar
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“Regarding History as the slaughter-bench at which the happiness of peoples, the wisdom of States, and the virtue of individuals have been victimized—the question involuntarily arises—to what principle, to what final aim these enormous sacrifices have been offered.”
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