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- Al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria - 980, Damascus, Syria) wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
- Usamah ibn Munqidh (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
- Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270, Damascus, Syria) physician and historian, wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba (Lives of the Physicians)
- Al-Umawi (1400, Spain - 1489, Damascus, Syria) mathematician, wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic
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