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- Ikhwan al-Safa اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا (The Brethren of Purity) (Basra, Iraq), a group of neo-Platonic Arabic philosophers of the 10th century
- Al-Idrisi (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb - 1166 CE, Sicily) geographer and cartographer
- Ibn Abi Ishaq (died AD 735) the earliest known grammarian of the Arabic language
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