AppleScript

AppleScript is a scripting language created by Apple Inc. and built into Macintosh operating systems since System 7. The term "AppleScript" may refer to the scripting system itself, or to particular scripts that are written in the AppleScript language.

AppleScript is primarily an inter-application processing system, designed to exchange data between and control other applications in order to automate repetitive tasks. AppleScript has some limited processing abilities of its own – basic calculation abilities, and some more intricate text processing tools – and is extensible, allowing the addition of scripting additions which add new functions to the language itself. Mainly, however, AppleScript relies on the built-in functionality of other applications and processes to handle complex tasks.

AppleScript has some elements of object-oriented programming, particularly in the construction of script objects, and some Lisp-like natural language programming tendencies, but does not strictly conform to either category.

Read more about AppleScript:  History, Basic Concepts, Hello, World!, Natural Language Metaphor, Open Scripting Architecture