Anterior Trigeminothalamic Tract

The Anterior trigeminothalamic tract (or ventral trigeminothalamic tract) serves as pain, temperature, and crude touch pathway from the face, head and neck. It receives input from trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve. After entering the pons the central projections of the first order neurons descend to the medulla, forming the spinal trigeminal tract and synapse in the spinal trigeminal complex. Axons of the second order neurons cross the midline and terminate in the ventral posterior medial thalamus (as opposed to the ventral posterior lateral thalamus as in the dorsal column/medial leminscus and spinothalamic tract pathway) to mediate conscious sensation of pain and temperature from the face, head and neck. The third order neuron in the thalamus then connects to the sensory cortex of the postcentral gyrus. The affective/motivational information is mediated by connections to reticular formation, midbrain, and the midline nuclei of the thalamus. The midline nuclei third order neurons then synapse to the cingulate and insular cortex. .