Amputation - Types

Types

Types of amputation include:

  • Leg amputation
    • amputation of digits
    • partial foot amputation (Chopart, Lisfranc, Ray)
    • ankle disarticulation (Syme, Pyrogoff)
    • below-knee amputation, abbreviated as BKA. Intentionally performed surgical below-knee amputation can be performed by transtibial techniques such as Burgess and Kingsley Robinson.
    • knee disarticulation (Gritti or Gritti-Stokes)
    • above-knee amputation (transfemoral)
    • Van-ness rotation/rotationplasty (foot being turned around and reattached to allow the ankle joint to be used as a knee)
    • hip disarticulation
    • hemipelvectomy/hindquarter amputation
  • Arm amputation
    • amputation of digits
    • metacarpal amputation
    • wrist disarticulation
    • forearm amputation (transradial)
    • elbow disarticulation
    • above-elbow amputation (transhumeral)
    • shoulder disarticulation and forequarter amputation
    • Krukenberg procedure
  • Face amputation
    • amputation of the ears
    • amputation of the nose
    • amputation of the tongue (glossectomy).
    • amputation of the eyes (blinding). Many of these facial disfigurings were and still are done in some parts of the world as punishment for some crimes, and as individual shame and population terror practices.
    • amputation of the teeth. Removal of teeth, mainly incisors, is or was practiced by some cultures for ritual purposes (for instance in the Iberomaurusian culture of Neolithic North Africa).
  • Breasts amputation
    • amputation of the breasts (mastectomy).
  • Genitals amputation
    • amputation of the scrotum.
    • amputation of the testicles (castration).
    • amputation of the penis (penectomy).
    • amputation of the foreskin (circumcision).
    • amputation of the clitoris (clitoridectomy).

Hemicorporectomy, or amputation at the waist, and decapitation, or amputation at the neck, are the most radical amputations.

Genital modification and mutilation may involve amputating tissue, although not necessarily as a result of injury or disease.

As a rule, partial amputations are preferred to preserve joint function, but in oncological surgery, disarticulation is favored.

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