Climate
The climate in Almaty is a humid continental climate with very warm summers and cold winters. It is characterized by the influence of mountain-valley circulation, which is especially evident in the northern part of the city, located directly in the transition zone of the mountain slopes to the plains.
Average air temperature is equal to 9 °C (48 °F), the coldest month is January, −7 °C (19 °F) (on average), the warmest month (July) 23 °C (73 °F) (on average). In average years frost starts on about 14 October and ends on about 18 April, with sustained extreme cold from about 19 December to about 23 February, a period of about 67 days. Weather with temperature above 30 °C (86 °F) is average for about 36 days a year. In the center of Almaty, like any large city, there is a "heat island" – average daily temperature contrast between the northern and southern suburbs of the city is 3.8% and 0.8°C (1.4°F) in the coldest and 2.2% and 2.6°C (4.7°F) in the hottest five days. Therefore, frost in the city center starts about 7 days later and finishes 3 days earlier than in the northern suburbs. Annual precipitation is about 600 to 650 mm (23.6 to 25.6 in). April and May are the wettest months, during which about a third of the city’s annual precipitation is received. Average date of the formation of stable snow is 30 October, though its appearance varies from 5 October until 21 November. The average date of snowmelt is 2 April (ranging from 26 February to 12 May). The city and its suburbs have fog for about 50–70 days annually.
It is not uncommon for snow and a cold snap to hit Almaty as late as the end of May. For example in the last quarter century, such snowfalls were recorded on 13 May 1985, 1 May 1989, 5 May 1993 and 18 May 1998. The record latest snowfall in Almaty was on 17 June 1987.
Almaty sometimes experiences winter rain, despite heavy preceding snowfall and low temperatures. The most memorable winter rain took place at 16 December 1996 during a military parade to celebrate the 5th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic.
Almaty Weather Station’s GM mostly records south-easterly wind (30%), its resistance increases during the summer (37%) and falls in winter (19%). Wind speeds exceed 15 m/s on about 15 days a year, on average.
| Climate data for Almaty | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
28.0 (82.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
35.1 (95.2) |
39.3 (102.7) |
43.4 (110.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
38.1 (100.6) |
31.1 (88.0) |
25.4 (77.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
43.4 (110.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
16.3 (61.3) |
8.2 (46.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) |
−3 (26.6) |
3.4 (38.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −8.4 (16.9) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.1 (−22.2) |
−37.7 (−35.9) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−7 (19.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−3 (26.6) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−34.1 (−29.4) |
−31.8 (−25.2) |
−37.7 (−35.9) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 34 (1.34) |
43 (1.69) |
75 (2.95) |
107 (4.21) |
106 (4.17) |
57 (2.24) |
47 (1.85) |
30 (1.18) |
27 (1.06) |
60 (2.36) |
56 (2.2) |
42 (1.65) |
684 (26.93) |
| % humidity | 77 | 76 | 71 | 59 | 56 | 49 | 46 | 45 | 49 | 64 | 74 | 79 | 62 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.8 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 79.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 117.8 | 118.7 | 145.7 | 195.0 | 241.8 | 279.0 | 306.9 | 294.5 | 246.0 | 182.9 | 126.0 | 102.3 | 2,356.6 |
| Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Hong Kong Observatory (sun and precipitation days) | |||||||||||||
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