Bias Functions
The M-sample variance, and the defined special case Allan variance, will experience systematic bias depending on different number of samples M and different relationship between T and τ. In order address these biases the bias-functions B1 and B2 has been defined and allows for conversion between different M and T values.
These bias functions is not sufficient for handling the bias resulting from concatenating M samples to the Mτ0 observation time over the MT0 with has the dead-time distributed among the M measurement blocks rather than in the end of the measurement. This rendered the need for the B3 bias.
The bias functions is evaluated for a particular µ value, so the α-µ mapping needs to be done for the dominant noise form as found using noise identification. Alternatively as proposed in and elaborated in the µ value of the dominant noise form may be inferred from the measurements using the bias functions.
Read more about this topic: Allan Variance
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