Alkaloid - Dimer Alkaloids

Dimer Alkaloids

In addition to the described above monomeric alkaloids, there are also dimeric, and even trimeric and tetrameric alkaloids formed upon condensation of two, three, and four monomeric alkaloids. Dimeric alkaloids are usually formed from monomers of the same type through the following mechanisms:

  • Mannich reaction, resulting in, e.g., voacamine
  • Michael reaction (villalstonine)
  • Condensation of aldehydes with amines (toxiferine)
  • Oxidative addition of phenols (dauricine, tubocurarine)
  • Lactonization (carpaine).

  • Voacamine

  • Villalstonine

  • Toxiferine

  • Dauricine

  • Tubocurarine

  • Carpaine

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