Kinds of Adverbial Clauses
| kind of clause | common conjunctions | function | example |
| time clauses | when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc. | These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. | Her goldfish died when she was young. |
| conditional clauses | if, unless, lest | These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences. | If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards. |
| purpose clauses | in order to, so that, in order that | These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. | They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard. |
| reason clauses | because, since, as, given | These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. | I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much. |
| result clauses | so...that | These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. | My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed. |
| concession clauses | although, though, while | These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. | I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now. |
| place clauses | where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?") | These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. | He said he was happy where he was. |
| Clause of Comparison | as | Adverb as is a clause which states comparison. | Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher. |
| clauses of manner | as, like, the way | These clauses are used to talk about someone's behavior or the way something is done. | I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them. |
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