Modern Japanese
There is one type of adjectival noun in modern usage, with inflections as follows.
| Irrealis 未然形 |
Adverbial 連用形 |
Conclusive 終止形 |
Attributive 連体形 |
Hypothetical 仮定形 |
Imperative 命令形 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -daro | -daQ -de -ni |
-da | -na | -nara |
- The modern inflections are based on two primitive forms: d- and n-. The n- forms are historically older while the d- forms are newer and have replaced some of the older n- forms.
- Irrealis -daro is found with particle -u, resulting in -darou (-darō). Historically it was -dara. /au/ regularly changed into .
- Adverbial -daQ is often found with past particle -ta, resulting in "daQta" -> "datta".
- Adverbial -de is found before "aru" and "nai", as well as being used in to terminate one clause before beginning another (中止法).
- Adverbial -ni is used in adverbial constructions.
- Modern Japanese no longer inflects for imperative.
Read more about this topic: Adjectival Noun (Japanese)
Famous quotes containing the words modern and/or japanese:
“Whosoever, in writing a modern history, shall follow truth too near the heels, it may haply strike out his teeth.”
—Sir Walter Raleigh (1552–1618)
“The Japanese have perfected good manners and made them indistinguishable from rudeness.”
—Paul Theroux (b. 1941)