Abel de Lima Salazar (July 19, 1889, Guimarães - December 29, 1946, Lisbon), was a Portuguese physician, lecturer, researcher, writer and painter who worked and lived in Porto. He was the son of Adolfo Barroso Pereira Salazar (Guimarães, October 20, 1858 – Porto, January 1, 1941) and wife Adelaide da Luz da Silva e Lima (– Porto, October 3, 1929).
Founded in 1975, the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (in English Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute), a research center and biosciences school of the University of Porto, was named after him. He was an anti-fascist and his painting with his social references anticipates the neo-realist movement in the Portuguese painting. He was not related to António de Oliveira Salazar, the Portuguese dictator.