Main Characteristics of The Abecedar
The first edition Abecedar was based on the Bitola-Florina dialect, and the vocabulary is mainly extracted from that dialect. The main characteristic of the Abecedar is that the text uses the Latin alphabet, differing from the Macedonian alphabet standardized nearly two decades later.
The alphabet used in the Abecedar consists of 27 individual letters. Two of the letters are unique in that they correspond to phonemes not represented in the modern Macedonian alphabet: Îî (for the schwa - Bulgarian ъ) and Üü (indicating palatalization of the preceding consonant). The alphabet uses the digraphs gj, kj, nj, lj and dz to represent the sounds /ɟ/, /c/, /ɲ/, an /lj/ cluster, and /d͡z/, respectively, corresponding to the Macedonian letters Ѓ, Ќ, Њ, Љ and Ѕ.
The alphabet used in the Abecedar with IPA equivalents:
| А /a/ |
B /b/ |
C /t͡s/ |
Č /t͡ʃ/ |
D /d/ |
E /ɛ/ |
F /f/ |
G /ɡ/ |
H /x/ |
| I /i/ |
Î /ə/ |
J /j/ |
K /k/ |
L /l/ |
M /m/ |
N /n/ |
O /ɔ/ |
P /p/ |
| R /r/ |
S /s/ |
Š /ʃ/ |
T /t/ |
U /u/ |
Ü /-ʲu/ |
V /v/ |
Z /z/ |
Ž /ʒ/ |
The book also includes a section about grammar. All the material is supported by corresponding texts extracted and inspired by the daily life of the people for better understanding and learning. In the second edition of the book, besides the old version, the new version of the book used explanations and texts written in the Macedonian Cyrillic alphabet.
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