1945 in Germany - Events

Events

• January — American troops cross the Siegfried Line into Belgium.
• 6 January - More than 80,000 Jews held captive by the Nazis are freed in Budapest, Hungary, by Russian soldiers.
• 12 January — WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula-Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe against the Nazis.
• 14 January - Eastern Germany is invaded by Russian troops.
• 18 January - 66,000 Jewish prisoners are evacuated from Auschwitz by the Nazis.
• 20 January — WWII: The Soviet Union occupies Warsaw.
• 20 January — The Holocaust: The evacuation of Auschwitz concentration camp begins.
• 27 January — The Holocaust: The Red Army liberates the Auschwitz and Birkenau death camps.
• 30 January — The Wilhelm Gustloff, with over 10,000 mainly civilian Germans from Gotenhafen (Gdynia) in the Gdansk Bay, is sunk by three torpedoes from the Soviet submarine S-13 in the Baltic Sea; up to 9,400 are thought to have died – the greatest loss of life in a single ship sinking in war action in history.
• 8 February - WWII: A combined British and Canadian front, consisting of 50,000 soldiers with 500 tanks and 1,034 guns, enters Reichswald, southeast of Nijmegen.
• 9 February — WWII: "Black Friday": A force of Allied Bristol Beaufighter aircraft suffers heavy casualties in an unsuccessful attack on German destroyer Z33 and escorting vessels sheltering in Førde Fjord, Norway.
• 10 February — WWII: The SS General von Steuben is sunk by the Soviet submarine S-13.
• 12 February - WWII: The British/Canadian front liberates Cleve, in western Germany.
• 13 February — WWII: Soviet forces capture Budapest, Hungary from the Nazis.
• 13 February — WWII: Royal Air Force bombing of Dresden, Germany.
• 14 February - WWII: The British/Canadian front reaches the Rhine
• 21 February — The last V-2-rocket is launched from Peenemünde.
• March — Anne Frank, dies in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, Lower Saxony, Germany, of typhus.
• 2 March — The Bachem Ba 349 Natter is launched from Stetten am kalten Markt. The Natter is the first manned rocket, developed as anti-aircraft weapon. The launch fails and the pilot dies.
• 3 March — WWII: A possible experimental atomic test blast occurs at the Nazis' Ohrdruf military testing area.
• 3 March - WWII: Units of the Canadian First Army capture Xanten
• 7 March — WWII: American troops seize the bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, Germany and begin to cross.
• 19 March — WWII: Adolf Hitler orders that all industries, military installations, machine shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany be destroyed.
• 24 March — WWII: Operation Varsity: Two airborne divisions capture bridges across the Rhine River to aid the Allied advance.
• 4 April — WWII: American troops liberate their first Nazi concentration camp, Ohrdruf death camp in Germany.
• 6 April — WWII: Sarajevo is liberated from the Nazi Germany and Nazi Croatia (German puppet state) by the Yugoslav Partisans.
• 7 April — WWII: The only flight of the German ramming unit known as the Sonderkommando Elbe takes place, resulting in the loss of some 24 B-17s and B-24s of the United States Eighth Air Force.
• 10 April — WWII: The Allied Forces liberate the Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald.
• 15 April — The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated by British forces.
• 22 April — Heinrich Himmler, through Count Bernadotte, puts forth an offer of German surrender to the Western Allies, but not the Soviet Union.
• 23 April - Russian troops reach Berlin.
• 24 April — Retreating German troops destroy all the bridges over the Adige in Verona, including the historical Ponte di Castelvecchio and Ponte Pietra.
• 25 April — WWII: Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops link up at the Elbe River, cutting Germany in two.
• 26 April — Battle of Bautzen (World War II): The last "successful" German panzer-offensive in Bautzen ends with the city recaptured.
• 27 April — The Western Allies flatly reject any offer of surrender by Germany other than unconditional on all fronts.
• 29 April — Adolf Hitler marries his longtime mistress Eva Braun in a closed civil ceremony in the Berlin Führerbunker, on the same day that American forces liberate Dachau.
• 30 April — Adolf Hitler and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, commit suicide as the Red Army approaches the Führerbunker in Berlin. Karl Dönitz succeeds Hitler as President of Germany; Joseph Goebbels succeeds Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. On the same day, some 33,000 Jews are freed from concentration camps by American troops.
• 1 May — WWII: Hamburg Radio announces that Hitler has died in battle, "fighting up to his last breath against Bolshevism."
• 1 May — Joseph Goebbels and his wife commit suicide after killing their six children. Karl Dönitz appoints Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the new Chancellor of Germany.
• 1 May - Field Marshal Gerd Von Runstedt is captured by US troops
• 1 May — Mass suicide in Demmin.
• 2 May — WWII: The Soviet Union announces the fall of Berlin. Soviet soldiers hoist the Red flag over the Reich Chancellery.
• 3 May — WWII: The prison ships Cap Arcona, Thielbek and Deutschland are sunk by the RAF in Lübeck Bay.
• 3 May — Rocket scientist Wernher von Braun and 120 members of his team surrender to U.S. forces (later going on to help to start the U.S. space program).
• 3 May — German Protestant theologian Gerhard Kittel is arrested by the French forces in Tübingen, Germany.
• 4 May — WWII: The concentration camp Neuengamme near Hamburg is liberated by the British Army.
• 4 May — WWII: The North German army surrenders to Marshal Bernard Montgomery.
• 4 May — WWII: Holland is liberated by British and Canadian troops. German forces officially surrender one day later.
• 5 May — WWII: Denmark is liberated. German forces officially surrender one day later.
• 5 May — WWII: Prague rises up against the Nazis.
• 5 May — WWII: The US 11th Armored Division liberates the prisoners of Mauthausen concentration camp, including Simon Wiesenthal.
• 5 May — WWII: Canadian soldiers liberate the city of Amsterdam from Nazi occupation.
• 5 May — WWII: Admiral Karl Dönitz orders all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.
• 7 May — WWII: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.
• 8 May — WWII: V-E Day (Victory in Europe, as Nazi Germany surrenders) commemorates the end of WWII in Europe, with the final surrender being to the Soviets in Berlin, attended by representatives of the Western Powers.
• 9 May — WWII: Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army.
• 9 May — WWII: General Alexander Löhr, Commander of German Army Group E near Topolšica, Slovenia, signs the capitulation of German occupation troops.
• 9 May — WWII: The German occupation of the Channel Islands ends with the liberation by British troops.
• 9 May — WWII: Alderney, an annex of the concentration camp Neuengamme, is liberated.
• 23 May — President of Germany Karl Dönitz and Chancellor of Germany Count Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk are arrested by British forces at Flensburg. They are respectively the last German Head of state and Head of government until 1949.
• 23 May — Heinrich Himmler, former head of the Nazi SS, commits suicide in British custody.
• 24 May - Field marshalRobert Ritter von Greim commander of the Luftwaffe in the last days of the Third Reich, commits suicide.
• 29 May — German communists, led by Walther Ulbricht, arrive in Berlin.
• 5 June — The Allied Control Council, military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
• 1 July — WWII: Germany is divided between the Allied occupation forces.
• 16 July — WWII: A train collision near Munich, Germany kills 102 war prisoners.

• 16 November — Cold War: The United States controversially imports 88 German scientists to help in the production of rocket technology.
• 20 November — The Nuremberg Trials begin: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals of WWII start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
• 30 December Hitler's will is found, confirming his intention of committing suicide.