Events
- 8 January – Sir Thomas Bent retires as Premier of Victoria, and is replaced by John Murray.
- 9 March – Electric trams begin operation in Adelaide.
- 31 March – Victoria is the last Australian state to grant women's suffrage.
- 30 April – Tasmania begins to use the Hare-Clark single transferable vote method in the 1909 general election.
- 26 May – The Protectionist Party and the Free Trade Party merge to form the Fusion Party), led by Alfred Deakin.
- 2 June – The Labor government of Andrew Fisher is ousted from office by Alfred Deakin's Fusion Party, and Deakin becomes Prime Minister for the third time.
- 5 June – Steam trams begin operation in Rockhampton, Queensland.
- 18 August to 21 August – Disastrous floods strike Victoria.
- 6 October – Martha Rendell becomes the last woman to be hanged in Western Australia.
- 9 October – John Earle becomes Premier of Tasmania, leading Tasmania's first Labor government, however Earle's minority government only lasts a week.
- 10 December – The University of Queensland is established.
- 14 December – New South Wales passes law ceding land to the Commonwealth for construction of the national capital, Canberra.
- 21 December – British Field Marshal Lord Kitchener arrives in Darwin after an invitation from Alfred Deakin to review Australia's military and defence plans.
- 24 December – Former Prime Minister Sir George Reid resigns from Parliament to become Australia's first High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.
Read more about this topic: 1909 In Australia
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“The ideal reasoner, he remarked, would, when he had once been shown a single fact in all its bearings, deduce from it not only all the chain of events which led up to it but also all the results which would follow from it.”
—Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (18591930)
“If I have renounced the search of truth, if I have come into the port of some pretending dogmatism, some new church, some Schelling or Cousin, I have died to all use of these new events that are born out of prolific time into multitude of life every hour. I am as bankrupt to whom brilliant opportunities offer in vain. He has just foreclosed his freedom, tied his hands, locked himself up and given the key to another to keep.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (18031882)
“The system was breaking down. The one who had wandered alone past so many happenings and events began to feel, backing up along the primal vein that led to his center, the beginning of hiccup that would, if left to gather, explode the center to the extremities of life, the suburbs through which one makes ones way to where the country is.”
—John Ashbery (b. 1927)