Events
- 18 January – HMS Supply of the First Fleet arrives in Botany Bay.
- 26 January – The First Fleet lands in Port Jackson, Australia from Portsmouth, England, and establishes the English penal colony of New South Wales – the first European settlement in Australia.
- 6 February – The first female convicts arrive at Port Jackson.
- 7 February – The colony of New South Wales is formally proclaimed. Phillip is sworn in as Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief.
- 17 February – Lord Howe Island is discovered by Henry Lidgbird Ball on HMS Supply.
- 27 February – A seventeen-year-old convict, Thomas Barrett, receives the first death sentence in the colony.
- 6 March – Philip Gidley King is sent from the Port Jackson colony to settle Norfolk Island with a party of fifteen convicts and seven men.
- 15 April – Phillip King explores northwards to Manly, and sights the Blue Mountains.
- 23 April – Governor Phillip explores the area now known as Parramatta, west of Sydney.
- 29 May – Two convicts are killed by Aboriginals at Rushcutters Bay; Phillip leads a punitive attack on the Aborigines on 31 May.
- 5 June – All the settlement's cattle brought from Cape Town escape; they are not recaptured until November 1795.
- 21 July – First sitting of the Court of Civil Jurisdiction.
- September – Sydney's first road, from the Governor's House to Dawes Point, is completed.
- October – Due to poor conditions, scurvy breaks out. Phillip orders strict rationing and sends HMS Sirius to Cape Town for supplies.
- 2 November – A second settlement is established at Rose Hill, which will later become Parramatta.
Read more about this topic: 1788 In Australia
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