Authenticity
Zapruder testified before the Warren Commission that the frames published in Commission Exhibit 885 were from the film that he took. Three other films of part of the assassination (the Orville Nix, Marie Muchmore and Charles Bronson films), together with numerous still photographs, are inconsistent with the Zapruder film, suggesting that they are fraudulent; some researchers of the assassination have claimed that the extant Zapruder film is not authentic. These claims have been countered. In 1998, Roland Zavada, a product engineer from Kodak who led the team that invented Kodachrome II, studied the film at the behest of the National Archives and concluded that the film was an “in camera original” and that any alleged alterations were not feasible. Any attempt to create a false "in camera original" by copying Zapruder's film would leave visible artifacts of "image structure constraints of grain; contrast and modulation transfer function losses.…It has no evidence of optical effects or matte work including granularity, edge effects or fringing, contrast buildup."
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