Yunus Khan - Khanship

Khanship

Yunus Khan maintained relations with the Khazak Horde founders (in 1465-1466), Janybek Khan and Karai Khan, and the Timurids. As a consequence of his alliance with the Khazaks, he made an enemy out of the rival Uzbeks. In 1468 the Uzbeks under Shaikh Haidar came into conflict with the Moghuls; they were defeated and Shaikh Haidar was killed, breaking Uzbek power until the rise of Muhammad Shaibani.

Yunus' dealings with the Timurids were more complex. After Abu Sa'id Mirza was killed by the White Sheep Turkmen in 1468, his realm was split between his sons. Sultan Ahmad Mirza ruled over Samarkand & Bukhara, Umar Shaikh Mirza II became the ruler of Ferghana, and Sultan Mahmud Mirza took Balkh & Badakhshan. Sultan Ahmad's governor of Tashkent, Shaikh Jamal Khan, was invited by the Moghul amirs to usurp power. The amirs were apparently upset over Yunus Khan's desire to reside in the towns and abandon the traditional nomad style. Shaikh Jamal imprisoned the khan and for a year the Moghuls submitted to him. He gave Yunus Khan's first wife Isan Daulat Begum (she was the mother of his daughters Mihr Nigar Khanim, born in 1457, Qutlugh Nigar Khanum, born in 1459, and Khub Nigar Khanim, born in 1463) as present to his officer Khoja Kalan, but when the latter came to her house he was trapped inside and killed there by female attendants of Isan Daulat Begum. Soon after this event Shaikh Jamal was killed by Moghul amirs, in 1472, and Yunus Khan was restored, after promising not to live in the towns. Shortly afterwards, he learned that Kebek Sultan had been killed by his followers, allowing him to take control of Eastern Moghulistan (Uyghurstan) in the same 1472.

After Shaikh Jamal was killed, Yunus Khan actively participated in the affairs of the Timurids. He made most prominent of Timurid sultans his sons-in-law, having married off his daughters to Sultan Ahmad Mirza ( Mihr Nigar Khanim ), Umar Shaikh Mirza II in 1475 (Qutlugh Nigar Khanum, their son was Babur, founder of the Great Moghul Empire in India) and Sultan Mahmud Mirza (Sultan Nigar Khanim, their son was Sultan Vais Mirza better known as Mirza Khan, future King of Badakhshan ), and kept on friendly terms with Umar Shaikh Mirza II, who frequently relied on him for assistance against Sultan Ahmad and gave him territory to reside in during the winters. In 1484 Yunus Khan took advantage of the conflict between Sultan Ahmad and Umar Shaikh Mirza II and took Tashkent. His decision to live in the city upset the Moghuls, and many of them left for Moghulistan under Yunus' son Ahmad Alaq. Yunus Khan was also unable to prevent the rise of the Dughlat Mirza Abu Bakr, who had earlier taken Yarkand, Khotan and Kashgar from other members of his family, and defeated Yunus Khan's attempts to quell him.

During the Ming Turpan Border Wars he had taken Hami in 1473, but the Chinese evicted him into Turfan.

Yunus Khan died in Taskhent in 1487 after a long illness. He was succeeded in Tashkent by his eldest son, Sultan Mahmud Khan, while the Moghuls in the east followed Ahmad Alaq.

Read more about this topic:  Yunus Khan