Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
| President of Yugoslavia | |
|---|---|
| Former political post | |
Standard of the President |
|
Stjepan Mesić |
|
| Successor | Franjo Tuđman Dobrica Ćosić Alija Izetbegović Kiro Gligorov Milan Kučan |
| First officeholder | Ivan Ribar |
| Last officeholder | Stjepan Mesić |
| Office began | 29 December 1945 |
| Office ended | 5 December 1991 |
After the German invasion and fragmentation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, partisans formed the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) in 1942. On 29 November 1943 a AVNOJ conference proclaimed the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, while negotiations with the royal government in exile continued. After the liberation of Belgrade on 20 October 1944, the Communist-led government on 29 November 1945 declared King Petar II deposed and proclaimed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia.
From 1945 to 1953, the President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly acted as Yugoslav head of state. The post was held by Ivan Ribar.
From 1953 to 1963, Josip Broz Tito simultaneously held the offices of the President of the Republic (head of state) and the President of the Federal Executive Council (head of government). In 1963, the new Constitution renamed the state as Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and divided the office of the President of the Republic from the Presidency of the Federal Council, even if the President of the Republic retained the power to preside over the Government when it met, on the French model.
In 1974, the new Constitution provided for a collective federal presidency, consisting of representatives of the six republics, the two autonomous provinces within Serbia and (until 1988) the President of the League of Communists, with a Chairman in rotation. Notwithstanding, this constitutional provision was suspended because Tito was declared President for Life, thus chaired the collective presidency on a permanent basis. After his death in 1980, one member was annually elected President of the Presidency and acted as head of state.
League of Communists of Yugoslavia Socialist Party of Serbia Croatian Democratic Union Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
| No. | Head of State | Lifespan | Took office | Left office | Party | Representing | Note | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| President of the Presidency of the People's Assembly |
|||||||||
| N/A | Ivan Ribar | 1881–1968 | 29 December 1945 | 14 January 1953 | Communist Party of Yugoslavia |
N/A | |||
| League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
|||||||||
| President |
|||||||||
| 1 | Josip Broz Tito | 1892–1980 | 14 January 1953 | 16 May 1974 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | N/A | |||
| Presidents of the Presidency |
|||||||||
| 1 | Josip Broz Tito | 1892–1980 | 16 May 1974 | 4 May 1980 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | N/A | |||
| 2 | Lazar Koliševski | 1914–2000 | 4 May 1980 | 15 May 1980 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Macedonia | |||
| 3 | Cvijetin Mijatović | 1913–1993 | 15 May 1980 | 15 May 1981 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||
| 4 | Sergej Kraigher | 1914–2001 | 15 May 1981 | 15 May 1982 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Slovenia | |||
| 5 | Petar Stambolić | 1912–2007 | 15 May 1982 | 15 May 1983 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Serbia | |||
| 6 | Mika Špiljak | 1916–2007 | 15 May 1983 | 15 May 1984 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Croatia | |||
| 7 | Veselin Đuranović | 1925–1997 | 15 May 1984 | 15 May 1985 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Montenegro | |||
| 8 | Radovan Vlajković | 1922–2001 | 15 May 1985 | 15 May 1986 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SAP Vojvodina | |||
| 9 | Sinan Hasani | 1922–2010 | 15 May 1986 | 15 May 1987 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SAP Kosovo | |||
| 10 | Lazar Mojsov | 1920–2011 | 15 May 1987 | 15 May 1988 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Macedonia | |||
| 11 | Raif Dizdarević | 1926– | 15 May 1988 | 15 May 1989 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Bosnia and Herzegovina | |||
| 12 | Janez Drnovšek | 1950–2008 | 15 May 1989 | 15 May 1990 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | SR Slovenia | |||
| 13 | Borisav Jović | 1928– | 15 May 1990 | 15 May 1991 | League of Communists of Yugoslavia | Serbia | |||
| (13) | Socialist Party of Serbia |
||||||||
| N/A | Sejdo Bajramović |
1927–1994 | 16 May 1991 | 30 June 1991 | Socialist Party of Serbia | AP Kosovo | |||
| 14 | Stjepan Mesić | 1934– | 30 June 1991 | 5 December 1991 | Croatian Democratic Union | Croatia | |||
| N/A | Branko Kostić |
1939– | 5 December 1991 | 15 June 1992 | Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro | Montenegro | |||
Read more about this topic: Yugoslav Head Of State
Famous quotes containing the words socialist, federal, republic and/or yugoslavia:
“One is a socialist because one used to be one, no longer going to demonstrations, attending meetings, sending in one’s dues, in short, without paying.”
—Michel de Certeau (1925–1986)
“If the federal government had been around when the Creator was putting His hand to this state, Indiana wouldn’t be here. It’d still be waiting for an environmental impact statement.”
—Ronald Reagan (b. 1911)
“History in the making is a very uncertain thing. It might be better to wait till the South American republic has got through with its twenty-fifth revolution before reading much about it. When it is over, some one whose business it is, will be sure to give you in a digested form all that it concerns you to know, and save you trouble, confusion, and time. If you will follow this plan, you will be surprised to find how new and fresh your interest in what you read will become.”
—Anna C. Brackett (1836–1911)
“International relations is security, it’s trade relations, it’s power games. It’s not good-and-bad. But what I saw in Yugoslavia was pure evil. Not ethnic hatred—that’s only like a label. I really had a feeling there that I am observing unleashed human evil ...”
—Natasha Dudinska (b. c. 1967)