Typical Yield and Ultimate Strengths
Note: many of the values depend on manufacturing process and purity/composition.
| Material | Yield strength (MPa) |
Ultimate strength (MPa) |
Density (g/cm³) |
free breaking length (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A36 steel | 250 | 400 | 7.85 | 3.2 |
| Steel, API 5L X65 | 448 | 531 | 7.85 | 5.8 |
| Steel, high strength alloy ASTM A514 | 690 | 760 | 7.85 | 9.0 |
| Steel, prestressing strands | 1650 | 1860 | 7.85 | 21.6 |
| Piano wire | 2200–2482 | 7.8 | 28.7 | |
| Carbon Fiber (CF, CFK) | 5650 | 1.75 | ||
| High density polyethylene (HDPE) | 26-33 | 37 | 0.95 | 2.8 |
| Polypropylene | 12-43 | 19.7-80 | 0.91 | 1.3 |
| Stainless steel AISI 302 - Cold-rolled | 520 | 860 | ||
| Cast iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 | * | 172 | 7.20 | 2.4 |
| Titanium alloy (6% Al, 4% V) | 830 | 900 | 4.51 | 18.8 |
| Aluminium alloy 2014-T6 | 400 | 455 | 2.7 | 15.1 |
| Copper 99.9% Cu | 70 | 220 | 8.92 | 0.8 |
| Cupronickel 10% Ni, 1.6% Fe, 1% Mn, balance Cu | 130 | 350 | 8.94 | 1.4 |
| Brass | approx. 200+ | 550 | 5.3 | 3.8 |
| Spider silk | 1150 (??) | 1400 | 1.31 | 109 |
| Silkworm silk | 500 | 25 | ||
| Aramid (Kevlar or Twaron) | 3620 | 1.44 | 256.3 | |
| UHMWPE | 2400 | 0.97 | 400 | |
| Bone (limb) | 104-121 | 130 | 3 | |
| Nylon, type 6/6 | 45 | 75 | 2 | |
| *Grey cast iron does not have a well defined yield strength because the stress-strain relationship is atypical. The yield strength can vary from 65 to 80% of the tensile strength. | ||||
| Young's modulus (GPa) |
Proof or yield stress (MPa) |
Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminium | 70 | 15-20 | 40-50 |
| Copper | 130 | 33 | 210 |
| Iron | 211 | 80-100 | 350 |
| Nickel | 170 | 14-35 | 140-195 |
| Silicon | 107 | 5000-9000 | |
| Tantalum | 186 | 180 | 200 |
| Tin | 47 | 9-14 | 15-200 |
| Titanium | 120 | 100-225 | 240-370 |
| Tungsten | 411 | 550 | 550-620 |
Read more about this topic: Yield (engineering)
Famous quotes containing the words typical, yield, ultimate and/or strengths:
“Sinclair Lewis is the perfect example of the false sense of time of the newspaper world.... [ellipsis in source] He was always dominated by an artificial time when he wrote Main Street.... He did not create actual human beings at any time. That is what makes it newspaper. Sinclair Lewis is the typical newspaperman and everything he says is newspaper. The difference between a thinker and a newspaperman is that a thinker enters right into things, a newspaperman is superficial.”
—Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)
“While the white man keeps the impetus of his own proud, onward march, the dark races will yield and serve, perforce. But let the white man once have a misgiving about his own leadership, and the dark races will at once attack him, to pull him down into the old gulfs.”
—D.H. (David Herbert)
“We must choose. Be a child of the past with all its crudities and imperfections, its failures and defeats, or a child of the future, the future of symmetry and ultimate success.”
—Frances E. Willard 1839–1898, U.S. president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union 1879-1891, author, activist. The Woman’s Magazine, pp. 137-40 (January 1887)
“My strengths make me contemptuous. My weaknesses make me charitable.”
—Mason Cooley (b. 1927)