Language
XL is defined at four different levels:
- XL0 defines how an input text is transformed into a parse tree.
- XL1 defines a base language with features comparable to C++
- XL2 defines the standard library, which includes common data types and operators.
- XLR defines a dynamic runtime for XL based on XL0
XL has no primitive types nor keywords. All useful operators and data types, like integers or addition, are defined in the standard library (XL2). XL1 is portable between different execution environments. There is no such guarantee for XL2: if a particular CPU does not implement floating-point multiplication, the corresponding operator definition may be missing from the standard library, and using a floating-point multiply may result in a compile-time error.
The Hello World program in XL looks like the following:
use XL.TEXT_IO WriteLn "Hello World"An alternative form in a style more suitable for large-scale programs would be:
import IO = XL.TEXT_IO IO.WriteLn "Hello World"A recursive implementation of factorial in XLR looks like the following:
0! -> 1 N! -> N * (N-1)!Read more about this topic: XL (programming Language)
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—Donald Davidson (b. 1917)
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A Bible-leaved of all the written woods
Strip to this tree: a rocking alphabet,
Genesis in the root, the scarecrow word,
And one light’s language in the book of trees.”
—Dylan Thomas (1914–1953)
“To write or even speak English is not a science but an art. There are no reliable words.... Whoever writes English is involved in a struggle that never lets up even for a sentence. He is struggling against vagueness, against obscurity, against the lure of the decorative adjective, against the encroachment of Latin and Greek, and, above all, against the worn-out phrases and dead metaphors with which the language is cluttered up.”
—George Orwell (1903–1950)