Surface
In mathematics, specifically in topology, a surface is a two-dimensional topological manifold. The most familiar examples are those that arise as the boundaries of solid objects in ordinary three-dimensional Euclidean space R3 — for example, the surface of a ball. On the other hand, there are surfaces, such as the Klein bottle, that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space without introducing singularities or self-intersections.
Read more about Surface.
Some articles on surface:
... a datum is a set of reference points on the Earth's surface against which position measurements are made and (often) an associated model of the shape of the Earth (referenc ... datums are used for describing a point on the Earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system ... In engineering and drafting, a datum is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object against which measurements are made ...
... The Roman surface or Steiner surface (so called because Jakob Steiner was in Rome when he thought of it) is a self-intersecting mapping of the real projective plane into three-dimensional space, with an unusually high ... of longitude (θ) and latitude (φ), gives parametric equations for the Roman surface as follows x = r2 cos θ cos φ sin φ y = r2 sin θ cos φ sin φ z = r2 cos θ sin θ cos2 φ ... and each of the xy-, yz-, and xz-planes are tangential to the surface there ...
... The field's surface, originally composed of AstroTurf, contained many gaps and uneven patches ... Baseball players also complained about the surface ... It was much harder than other AstroTurf surfaces, and the shock of running on it often caused back pain ...
... as the boundary of a cube, are among the first surfaces encountered in geometry ... It is also possible to define smooth surfaces, in which each point has a neighborhood diffeomorphic to some open set in E² ... elaboration allows calculus to be applied to surfaces to prove many results ...
... drive, the heads 'fly' above the disk surface with clearance of as little as 3 nanometres ... of an air-bearing etched onto the disk-facing surface of the slider ... bearing is to maintain the flying height constant as the head moves over the surface of the disk ...
More definitions of "surface":
- (adj): On the surface.
Example: "Surface materials of the moon"
- (noun): The outermost level of the land or sea.
Example: "Earthquakes originate far below the surface"; "three quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water"
Synonyms: Earth's surface
- (adj): Involving a surface only.
Example: "A surface wound"
Synonyms: skin-deep, superficial
- (verb): Appear or become visible; make a showing.
Example: "I hope the list key is going to surface again"
Synonyms: come on, come out, turn up, show up
- (noun): Information that has become public.
Example: "The facts had been brought to the surface"
Synonyms: open
- (noun): The extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object.
Example: "They skimmed over the surface of the water"; "a brush small enough to clean every dental surface"; "the sun has no distinct surface"
- (noun): A device that provides reactive force when in motion relative to the surrounding air; can lift or control a plane in flight.
Synonyms: airfoil, aerofoil, control surface
- (noun): A superficial aspect as opposed to the real nature of something.
Example: "It was not what it appeared to be on the surface"
- (noun): The outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary.
Example: "There is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"
Famous quotes containing the word surface:
“The surface of the earth is soft and impressible by the feet of men; and so with the paths which the mind travels. How worn and dusty, then, must be the highways of the world, how deep the ruts of tradition and conformity!”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“When we are in love, the sentiment is too great to be contained whole within us; it radiates out to our beloved, finds in her a surface which stops it, forces it to return to its point of departure, and it is this rebound of our own tenderness which we call the other’s affection and which charms us more than when it first went out because we do not see that it comes from us.”
—Marcel Proust (1871–1922)
“Night City was like a deranged experiment in Social Darwinism, designed by a bored researcher who kept one thumb permanently on the fast-forward button. Stop hustling and you sank without a trace, but move a little too swiftly and you’d break the fragile surface tension of the black market; either way, you were gone ... though heart or lungs or kidneys might survive in the service of some stranger with New Yen for the clinic tanks.”
—William Gibson (b. 1948)