Process Factors
While weldability can be generally defined for various materials, some welding processes work better for a given material than others. Even within a certain process the quality of the weld may vary greatly depending on parameters, such as the electrode material, shielding gases, welding speed, and cooling rate.
| Material | Arc welding | Oxy-acetylene welding | Electron beam welding | Resistance welding | Brazing | Soldering | Adhesive bonding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cast iron | C | R | N | S | D | N | C |
| Carbon steel and low-alloy steel | R | R | C | R | R | D | C |
| Stainless steel | R | C | C | R | R | C | C |
| Aluminum and magnesium | C | C | C | C | C | S | R |
| Copper and copper alloys | C | C | C | C | R | R | C |
| Nickel and nickel alloys | R | C | C | R | R | C | C |
| Titanium | C | N | C | C | D | S | C |
| Lead and zinc | C | C | N | D | N | R | R |
| Thermoplastic†| N | N | N | N | N | N | C |
| Thermosets | N | N | N | N | N | N | C |
| Elastomers | N | N | N | N | N | N | R |
| Ceramics | N | S | C | N | N | N | R |
| Dissimilar metals | D | D | C | D | D/C | R | R |
| †Heated tool = R; Hot gas = R; Induction = C Key: C = Commonly performed; R = Recommended; D = Difficult; S = Seldom; N = Not used |
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