Voyevoda's Administration
A voyevoda would sometimes have an assistant voyevoda or a pismenny golova ("writing head" or scribe). The term golova (without the pismenny) appears in English sources with an uncertain meaning. A prikazshchik was a sort of sub-voyevoda who was given special powers.
Increasingly, there were Dyaks, a sort of high clerk who supplemented a voyevoda in administrative affairs. Valid documents had to be countersigned by the Dyak. This collective administration was designed to prevent corruption. Below the Dyak was the Podyachy or underclerk. These were often local men who might hold office for decades.
Financial affairs were managed by tselovalniks or sworn-men and kept somewhat separate to reduce corruption.