A Vertex Buffer Object (VBO) is an OpenGL feature that provides methods for uploading data (vertex, normal vector, color, etc.) to the video device for non-immediate-mode rendering. VBOs offer substantial performance gains over immediate mode rendering primarily because the data resides in the video device memory rather than the system memory and so it can be rendered directly by the video device.
The Vertex Buffer Object specification has been standardized by the OpenGL Architecture Review Board as of OpenGL Version 1.5 (in 2003). Similar functionality was available before the standardization of VBOs via the Nvidia-created extension "Vertex Array Range" or ATI's "Vertex Array Object" extension.
Read more about Vertex Buffer Object: Basic VBO Functions, Example Usage in C Using OpenGL 3.x and OpenGL 4.x
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