Development
Vehicular communications is mainly motivated by the desire to implement Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) because of their key benefits in safety and traveling ease. Several ITS institutions operate around the world to bring ITS concepts to real world. In the United States one of the main players is U.S. Department of Transportation (USDoT) . The federal DoT promotes ITS through investment in potentially high payoff initiatives. One of these major initiatives, Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII), seeks to increase safety by providing vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside units communications through Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC).
Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITSA), which has members from many diverse areas including private companies, universities, and governmental agencies, aims to improve cooperation among public and private sector organizations. ITSA summarizes its mission statement as “vision zero” meaning its goal is to reduce the fatal accidents and delays as much as possible.
Many universities are pursuing research and development of vehicular ad hoc networks. For example, University of California, Berkeley is participating in California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH), along with several other universities in California and elsewhere such as Stanford, UCLA, MIT, Texas A&M etc.
Car manufacturers and communication corporations are also investing in vehicular communications; among them are Kapsch, General Motors, Daimler Chrysler, Ford Motor Company, Siemens, Honda, Toyota, BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Mark IV.
Integrated automobile devices like OnStar have begun to make a presence on U.S. markets, with automobile manufacturers like GM offering them as options on their vehicles. Third party companies use these devices to offer services such as directions and emergency assistance to their customers. Although these devices may add an extra level of safety and peace of mind, they do not offer drivers the freedom to communicate with each other.
Read more about this topic: Vehicular Communication Systems
Famous quotes containing the word development:
“Such condition of suspended judgment indeed, in its more genial development and under felicitous culture, is but the expectation, the receptivity, of the faithful scholar, determined not to foreclose what is still a question—the “philosophic temper,” in short, for which a survival of query will be still the salt of truth, even in the most absolutely ascertained knowledge.”
—Walter Pater (1839–1894)
“John B. Watson, the most influential child-rearing expert [of the 1920s], warned that doting mothers could retard the development of children,... Demonstrations of affection were therefore limited. “If you must, kiss them once on the forehead when they say goodnight. Shake hands with them in the morning.””
—Sylvia Ann Hewitt (20th century)
“Theories of child development and guidelines for parents are not cast in stone. They are constantly changing and adapting to new information and new pressures. There is no “right” way, just as there are no magic incantations that will always painlessly resolve a child’s problems.”
—Lawrence Kutner (20th century)