Examples
| pressure (Pa) | pressure (Torr) | mean free path | molecules per cm3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard atmosphere, for comparison | 101.325 kPa | 760 | 66 nm | 2.5×1019 |
| Vacuum cleaner | approximately 8×10+3 | 600 | 70 nm | 1019 |
| liquid ring vacuum pump | approximately 3.2×10+3 | 24 | 1.75 μm | 1018 |
| Mars atmosphere | 1.155 kPa to 0.03 kPa (mean 0.6 kPa) | 8.66 to 0.23 | ||
| freeze drying | 100 to 10 | 1 to 0.1 | 100 μm to 1 mm | 1016 to 1015 |
| rotary vane pump | 100 to 0,1 | 1 to 10−3 | 100 μm to 10 cm | 1016 to 1013 |
| Incandescent light bulb | 10 to 1 | 0.1 to 0.01 | 1 mm to 1 cm | 1015 to 1014 |
| Thermos bottle | 1 to 0.01 | 10−2 to 10−4 | 1 cm to 1 m | 1014 to 1012 |
| Earth thermosphere | 1 Pa to 1×10−7 | 10−2 to 10−9 | 1 cm to 100 km | 1014 to 107 |
| Vacuum tube | 1×10−5 to 1×10−8 | 10−7 to 10−10 | 1 to 1,000 km | 109 to 106 |
| Cryopumped MBE chamber | 1×10−7 to 1×10−9 | 10−9 to 10−11 | 100 to 10,000 km | 107 to 105 |
| Pressure on the Moon | approximately 1×10−9 | 10−11 | 10,000 km | 4×105 |
| Interplanetary space | 11 | |||
| Interstellar space | 1 | |||
| Intergalactic space | 10−6 |
Read more about this topic: Vacume
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—G.C. (Georg Christoph)
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—Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733)