USDA Soil Taxonomy - Orders

Orders

  • Alfisols — moderately weathered, form under boreal or broadleaf forests, rich in iron and aluminum
  • Andisols — form in volcanic ash and defined as containing high proportions of glass and amorphous colloidal materials, including allophane, imogolite and ferrihydrite
  • Aridisols — (from the Latin aridus, for “dry”) form in an arid or semiarid climate
  • Entisols — do not show any "significant" soil profile development. Minimal soil horizons.
  • Gelisols — soils of very cold climates which are defined as containing permafrost within two meters of the soil surface
  • Histosols — consist primarily of organic materials
  • Inceptisols — form quickly through alteration of parent material
  • Mollisols — form in semiarid to semihumid areas, typically under a grassland cover
  • Oxisols — best known for their occurrence in tropical rain forest
  • Spodosols — typical soils of coniferous or boreal forests
  • Ultisols — commonly known as red clay soils
  • Vertisols — high content of expansive clay

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