Symptoms
Changes in muscle performance can be broadly described as the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome. These changes vary depending on the site and the extent of the lesion, and may include:
- Muscle weakness. A pattern of weakness in the flexors (lower limbs) or extensors (upper limbs), is known as 'pyramidal weakness'
- Decreased control of active movement, particularly slowness
- Spasticity, a velocity-dependent change in muscle tone
- Clasp-knife response where initial higher resistance to movement is followed by a lesser resistance
- Babinski sign is present, where the big toe is raised (extended) rather than curled downwards (flexed) upon appropriate stimulation of the sole of the foot. The presence of the Babinski sign is an abnormal response in adulthood. Normally, during the plantar reflex, it causes plantar flexion and the adduction of the toes. In Babinski's sign, there is dorsiflexion of the big toe and abduction of the other toes. Physiologically, it is normally present in infants from birth to 12 months. The presence of the babinski sign after 12 months is the sign of a non-specific upper motor neuron lesion.
- increase deep tendon reflex (DTR)
- Pronator drift
Read more about this topic: Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
Famous quotes containing the word symptoms:
“For anyone addicted to reading commonplace books ... finding a good new one is much like enduring a familiar recurrence of malaria, with fever, fits of shaking, strange dreams. Unlike a truly paludismic ordeal, however, the symptoms felt while savoring a collection of one man’s pet quotations are voluptuously enjoyable ...”
—M.F.K. Fisher (1908–1992)
“The human condition is such that pain and effort are not just symptoms which can be removed without changing life itself; they are the modes in which life itself, together with the necessity to which it is bound, makes itself felt. For mortals, the “easy life of the gods” would be a lifeless life.”
—Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
“There is one great fact, characteristic of this our nineteenth century, a fact which no party dares deny. On the one hand, there have started into life industrial and scientific forces which no epoch of former human history had ever suspected. On the other hand, there exist symptoms of decay, far surpassing the horrors recorded of the latter times of the Roman empire. In our days everything seems pregnant with its contrary.”
—Karl Marx (1818–1883)