Finland
For Finland, see Numerus clausus in Finland
Some fields of study explicitly encourage applicants to judge their chances realistically. For example, a student may apply to only one medical school per year. Therefore, choosing to apply to the more competitive medical schools is risky, if the student is not sure about their strength.
For universities of technology, there is a similar, but less strict mechanism. The students gain extra priority points, which may increase their points for the first choice by up to 12.5%. If a student was admitted to several programs, they can't accept any other than the one with the highest priority.
Read more about this topic: University And College Admissions