Types of Business Entity - Germany

Germany

  • Einzelunternehmen: ≈ sole trader (UK), sole proprietorship (US)
  • Partenreederei: A form of combined and continued ownership of a single merchant vessel.
  • e.G. (eingetragene Genossenschaft): ≈ cooperative
  • e.V. (eingetragener Verein): ≈ association
  • Partnerships (Personengesellschaften)
    • GbR (Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts): no minimum capital, unlimited liability of partners, non-business or small-business activities only.
    • Innengesellschaft: ≈ anonymous partnership (S.Africa)
    • registered business partnerships (Personenhandelsgesellschaften)
      • OHG (offene Handelsgesellschaft): ≈ general partnership; no minimum capital, unlimited liability of partners.
      • KG (Kommanditgesellschaft): ≈ limited partnership
        • GmbH & Co. KG and GmbH & Co. KGaA: a special type of Kommanditgesellschaft in which the general partner is a GmbH. The GmbH & Co. KGaA it is a variant with shares.
        • AG & Co. KG and AG & Co. KGaA: a special type of Kommanditgesellschaft in which the general partner is an Aktiengesellschaft. The AG & Co. KGaA is a variant with shares.
    • PartG (Partnerschaftsgesellschaft): ≈ professional (service) partnership
  • Companies (Kapitalgesellschaften)
    • KGaA (Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien): ≈ publicly traded partnership (US)
    • GmbH (Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung): ≈ private limited company (Ltd.) (UK), limited liability company (LLC) (US). Minimum capital €25,000. If under the trade name "Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschränkt)", its minimum capital is €1 (times the number of shares).
    • AG (Aktiengesellschaft): ≈ public limited company (plc) (UK), corporation (US). Minimum capital €50,000.

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