Turkish Vocabulary - Adverbs

Adverbs

Adjectives can generally serve as adverbs:

iyi "good" or "well".

The adjective might then be repeated, as noted earlier. A repeated noun also serves as an adverb:

kapı "door"; kapı kapı "door-to-door".

The suffix -ce makes nouns and adjectives into adverbs. One source calls it the benzerlik ("similarity") or görelik (from göre "according to") eki, considering it as another case-ending.

• Attached to adjectives, -ce is like the English -ly:

güzelce "beautifully".

• Attached to nouns, -ce can be like the English like:

Türkçe konuş-, "speak like Turks": "speak Turkish".

Adverbs of place include:

• aşağı/yukarı "down/up";
• geri/ileri "backwards/forwards";
• dışarı/içeri "outside/inside";
• beri/öte "hither/yon";
• karşı "opposite".

These can also be treated as adjectives and nouns (in particular, they can be given case-endings). Also, to the demonstrative pronouns o, bu, and şu, as well as to the interrogative pronoun ne, the suffix -re can be added; treated as a noun, the result has cases serving as adverbs of place:

• nereye/buraya/oraya "whither?/hither/thither";
• nerede/burada/orada "where?/here/there";
• nereden/buradan/oradan "whence?/hence/thence".