Input Impedance of Lossless Transmission Line
The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the ratio of the amplitude of a single voltage wave to its current wave. Since most transmission lines also have a reflected wave, the characteristic impedance is generally not the impedance that is measured on the line.
For a lossless transmission line, it can be shown that the impedance measured at a given position from the load impedance is
where is the wavenumber.
In calculating, the wavelength is generally different inside the transmission line to what it would be in free-space and the velocity constant of the material the transmission line is made of needs to be taken into account when doing such a calculation.
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