List of Translations
The number of languages into which Tolkien's works has been translated is subject to some debate. HarperCollins explicitly lists 38 (or 39) languages for which translations of "The Hobbit and/or The Lord of the Rings" exist:
- Basque, Breton, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Lithuanian, Marathi, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (European, Brazilian), Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian.
For some of these languages, there is a translation of The Hobbit, but not of The Lord of the Rings. For some languages, there is more than one translation of The Lord of the Rings. These notably include Russian, besides Swedish, Norwegian, German, Polish and Slovenian.
In addition to languages mentioned above, there are published translations of the Hobbit into Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Belarusian, Esperanto, Faroese, Georgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Moldavian, Persian and Ukrainian. The Marathi translation, however, seems not to exist or at least not to be published.
Comparatively few translations appeared during Tolkien's lifetime: when Tolkien died on 2 September 1973, the Dutch, Swedish, Polish, Italian, Danish, German and French translations had been published completely, and the Japanese and Finnish ones in part. The Russian translations are a special case because many unpublished and unauthorized translations circulated in the 1970s and 1980s Soviet Union, which were gradually published from the 1990s.
| language | title | year | translator | publisher | ISBN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | In de Ban van de Ring | 1957 | Max Schuchart | Het Spectrum, Utrecht | |
| Swedish | Härskarringen | 1959 to 1961 | Åke Ohlmarks | Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm | ISBN 978-91-1-300998-8 |
| Polish | Władca Pierścieni | 1961 to 1963 | Maria Skibniewska (poems by Włodzimierz Lewik and Andrzej Nowicki)) | ||
| Italian | Il Signore degli Anelli | 1967 to 1970 | Vittoria Alliata di Villafranca | Bompiani | |
| Danish | Ringenes Herre | 1968 to 1972 | Ida Nyrop Ludvigsen | Gyldendal, Copenhagen | ISBN 978-87-02-04320-4 |
| German | Der Herr der Ringe | 1969 to 1970 | Margaret Carroux and Ebba-Margareta von Freymann (poems) | Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart | ISBN 978-3-608-93666-7 |
| Norwegian (Bokmål) | Krigen om ringen | 1973 to 1975 | Nils Werenskiold | Tiden Norsk Forlag | ISBN 82-10-00816-1, ISBN 82-10-00930-3, ISBN 82-10-01096-4 |
| French | Le Seigneur des anneaux | 1972 to 1973 | Francis Ledoux | Christian Bourgois | |
| Japanese | Yubiwa Monogatari (指輪物語, lit. "The tale of the Ring(s)" ) | 1972 to 1975 | Teiji Seta (瀬田貞二) and Akiko Tanaka (田中明子) | Hyouronsha(評論社), Tokyo | ISBN 978-4-566-02350-5, ISBN 978-4-566-02351-2, ISBN 978-4-566-02352-9 |
| Finnish | Taru sormusten herrasta | 1973 to 1975 | Kersti Juva, Eila Pennanen, Panu Pekkanen | ||
| Portuguese-Portugal | O Senhor dos Anéis | 1975 to 1979 | António Rocha and Alberto Monjardim | Publicações Europa-América | |
| Romanian | Stăpânul Inelelor | 1999 to 2001 | Irina Horea, Gabriela Nedelea, Ion Horea | Editorial Group Rao | |
| Russian | Властелин колец Vlastelin kolec | 1976 (publ. 2002) | A. A. Gruzberg | ||
| Greek | Ο Άρχοντας των Δαχτυλιδιών O Archontas ton Dachtylidion | 1978 | Eugenia Chatzithanasi-Kollia | Kedros, Athens | ISBN 960-04-0308-2 |
| Hebrew | שר הטבעות Sar ha-Tabbaot | 1979 to 1980 | Ruth Livnit | Zmora-Bitan, Tel Aviv | |
| Norwegian (Bokmål) | Ringenes herre | 1980 to 1981 | Torstein Bugge Høverstad | Tiden Norsk Forlag | ISBN 978-82-10-04449-6 |
| Spanish | El Señor de los Anillos | 1980 | Matilde Horne, Luis Domènech and Rubén Masera | Círculo de lectores, Barcelona | ISBN 84-450-7032-0 (Minotauro) |
| Serbian | Господар Прстенова Gospodar Prstenova | 1981 | Zoran Stanojević | Nolit, Belgrade | no ISBN |
| Russian | Властелин колец Vlastelin kolec | 1982 to 1992 | V. S. Muravev (2nd to 6th books, poems), A. A. Kistyakovskij (first book) | Raduga, Moscow | ISBN 5-05-002255-X, ISBN 5-05-002397-1, ISBN 5-05-004017-5 |
| Russian | Властелин колец Vlastelin kolec | 1991 | V.A.M. (Valeriya Aleksandrovna Matorina) | Amur, Khabarovsk | no ISBN |
| Russian | Властелин колец Vlastelin kolec | 1984 (publ. 1991) | H. V. Grigoreva and V. I. Grushetskij and I. B. Grinshpun (poems) | Severo-Zapad | ISBN 5-7183-0003-8, ISBN 5-352-00312-4 (Azbuka) |
| Hungarian | A Gyűrűk Ura | 1981 | Chapters 1-11: Réz Ádám Rest: Göncz Árpád and Tandori Dezső (poems) |
Gondolat Könyvkiadó (1981) Európa Könyvkiadó (since 1990), Budapest |
First: ISBN 963-280-963-7, ISBN 963-280-964-5, ISBN 963-280-965-3 2008 reworked: ISBN 978-963-07-8646-1 |
| Catalan | El Senyor dels Anells | 1986 to 1988 | Francesc Parcerisas | Vicens Vives, Barcelona | ISBN 84-316-6868-7 |
| Armenian | Պահապաննէրը Pahapannērë | 1989 | Emma Makarian | Arevnik, Erevan | Only The Fellowship of the Ring, no ISBN |
| Russian | Повесть о Кольце Povest' o Kol'tse | 1990 | Z.A. Bobyr' | Interprint | no ISBN Condensed translation |
| Czech | Pán Prstenů | 1990 to 1992 | Stanislava Pošustová | Mladá fronta, Praha | ISBN 80-204-0105-9, ISBN 80-204-0194-6, ISBN 80-204-0259-4 |
| Icelandic | Hringadróttinssaga | 1993 to 1995 | Þorsteinn Thorarensen and Geir Kristjánsson (poems) | Fjölvi, Reykjavík | |
| Lithuanian | Žiedų valdovas | 1994 | Andrius Tapinas and Jonas Strielkūnas | Alma Littera, Vilnius | ISBN 9986-02-038-7, ISBN 9986-02-487-0, ISBN 9986-02-959-7 |
| Portuguese (BRA) | O Senhor dos Anéis | 1994 | Lenita M. R. Esteves and Almiro Pisetta | Martins Fontes | ISBN 85-336-0292-8 |
| Russian | Властелин колец Vlastelin kolec | 1994 | Mariya Kamenkovich and Valerij Karrik | Terra-Azbuka, St. Petersburg | ISBN 5-300-00027-2, ISBN 5-300-00026-4 |
| Croatian | Gospodar prstenova | 1995 | Zlatko Crnković | Algoritam | ISBN 953-6166-05-4 |
| Slovenian | Gospodar prstanov | 1995 | Polona Mertelj, Primož Pečovnik, Zoran Obradovič | Gnosis-Quarto, Ljubljana | |
| Turkish | Yüzüklerin Efendisi | 1996–1998 | Çiğdem Erkal İpek, Bülent Somay (poems) | Metis, İstanbul | ISBN 975-342-347-0 |
| Esperanto | La Mastro de l' Ringoj | 1995 to 1997, 2nd ed. 2007 | William Auld | Sezonoj, Kaliningrad | no ISBN |
| Estonian | Sõrmuste Isand | 1996 to 1998 | Ene Aru and Votele Viidemann | Tiritamm, Tallinn | ISBN 9985-55-039-0, ISBN 9985-55-046-3, ISBN 9985-55-049-8 |
| Polish | Władca Pierścieni | 1996 to 1997 | Jerzy Łozinski and Marek Obarski (poems) | Zysk i S-ka, Poznań | ISBN 8371502419, ISBN 8371502427, ISBN 8371502435 |
| Bulgarian | Властелинът на пръстените Vlastelinăt na prăstenite | 1990–1991 | Lyubomir Nikolov | Narodna Kultura Sofia | |
| German | Der Herr der Ringe | 2000 | Wolfgang Krege | Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart | ISBN 978-3-608-93639-1 |
| Russian | Властелин колец Vlastelin kolec | 2002 | V. Volkovskij, V. Vosedov, D. Afinogenova | AST, Moscow | ISBN 5-17-016265-0 |
| Polish | Władca Pierścieni | 2001 | Books I–IV : Maria and Cezary Frąc ; Book V : Aleksandra Januszewska ; Book VI : Aleksandra Jagiełowicz ; Poems : Tadeusz A. Olszański ; Appendices: Ryszard Derdziński | Amber, Warszawa | |
| Slovenian | Gospodar prstanov | 2001 | Branko Gradišnik | Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana | ISBN 8611162447, ISBN 8611163001, ISBN 861116301-X |
| Slovak | Pán prsteňov | 2001 to 2002 | Otakar Kořínek and Braňo Varsik | Vydavatelstvo Slovart, Bratislava | ISBN 8071456063, ISBN 8071456071, ISBN 807145608-X |
| Galician | O Señor dos Aneis | 2001 to 2002 | Moisés R. Barcia | Xerais, Vigo | ISBN 84-8302-682-1 |
| Thai | ลอร์ดออฟเดอะริงส์ | 2001 to 2002 | Wanlee Shuenyong | Amarin, Bangkok | ISBN 974-7597-54-3 |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 魔戒 | 2001 to 2002 | Lucifer Chu (朱學恆) | Linking Publishing (聯經出版公司), Taipei | |
| Macedonian | Господарот на прстените Gospodarot na prstenite | 2002 | Romeo Širilov, Ofelija Kaviloska | AEA, Misla, Skopje | ISBN 9989-39-170-X, ISBN 9989-39-173-4, ISBN 9989-39-176-9 |
| Russian | Властелин Колец Vlastelin kolec | 2002 | Alina V. Nemirova | AST, Kharkov | ISBN 5-17-009975-4, ISBN 5-17-008954-6, ISBN 966-03-1122-2 (Folio) |
| Basque | Eraztunen Jauna | 2002 to 2003 | Agustin Otsoa Eribeko | Txalaparta, Tafalla | ISBN 84-8136-258-1 |
| Indonesian | The Lord of the Rings | 2002 to 2003 | Anton Adiwiyoto, Gita K. Yuliani | Gramedia, Jakarta | |
| Latvian | Gredzenu Pavēlnieks | 2002 to 2004 | Ieva Kolmane | Jumava, Riga | ISBN 9984-05-579-5 |
| Persian | ارباب حلقهها Arbāb-e Halqehā | 2002 to 2004 | Riza Alizadih | Rawzanih, Tehran | ISBN 964-334-116-X, ISBN 964-334-139-9, ISBN 964-334-173-9 |
| Ukrainian | Володар Перснів Volodar persniv | 2003 | Alina V. Nemirova | Фолио (Folio) | ISBN 966-03-1915-0 ISBN 966-03-1916-9 ISBN 966-03-1917-7 |
| Albanian | Lordi i unazave | 2004 to 2006 | Ilir I. Baçi (part 1), Artan Miraka (2 and 3) | Dudaj, Tirana | ISBN 99927-50-96-0 ISBN 99943-33-11-9 ISBN 99943-33-58-5 |
| Faroese | Ringanna Harri | 2003 to 2005 | Axel Tórgarð | Stiðin, Hoyvík | ISBN 99918-42-39-X |
| Ukrainian | Володар перстенів Volodar persteniv | 2004 to 2005 | Olena Feshovets and Nazar Fedorak (poems) | Astrolabia, Lviv | ISBN 966-8657-18-7 |
| Swedish | Ringarnas herre | 2004 to 2005 | Erik Andersson and Lotta Olsson (poems) | Norstedts | ISBN 91-1-301153-7 |
| Norwegian (Nynorsk) | Ringdrotten | 2006 | Eilev Groven Myhren | Tiden Norsk Forlag, Oslo | ISBN 82-05-36559-8 |
| Belarusian | Уладар пярсьцёнкаў: Зьвяз пярсьцёнка, Дзьве вежы, Вяртаньне караля Uladar pyars'tsyonkaŭ: Z'vyaz Pyars'tsyonka, Dz've vezhy, Vyartan'ne karalya | 2008–2009 | Дзьмітрый Магілеўцаў and Крысьціна Курчанкова (Dźmitry Mahileŭcaŭ and Kryścina Kurčankova) | Mensk | Nonconformant orthography |
| Arabic | سيد الخواتم، رفقة الخاتم، خروج الخاتم Sayyid al-Khawātim, Rafīqat al-Khātim, Khurūj al-Khātim | 2007 | Amr Khairy | Malamih, Cairo | ISBN 978-977-6262-03-4, only The Fellowship of the Ring, Book I |
| Arabic | سيد الخواتم Sayyid al-Khawātim | 2009 | Farajallah Sayyid Muhammad | Nahdet Misr, Cairo | ISBN 977-14-4114-0, ISBN 977-14-1134-9, ISBN 977-14-1127-6 |
| Georgian | ბეჭდების მბრძანებელი: ბეჭდის საძმო, ორი ციხე–კოშკი, მეფის დაბრუნება Bech'debis Mbrdzanebeli: Bech'dis Sadzmo, Ori Tsikhe-k'oshki, Mepis Dabruneba | 2009–2011 | Nika Samushia (prose and poems) and Tsitso Khotsuashvili (poems in The Fellowship of the Ring) | Gia Karchkhadze Publishing, Tbilisi | ISBN 978-99940-34-04-8, ISBN 978-99940-34-13-0, ISBN 978-99940-34-14-7 |
| Frisian | Master fan alle ringen | 2011 to ??? | Liuwe Westra | Frysk en Frij and Elikser, Leeuwarden | ISBN 978-90-8566-022-4 |
Read more about this topic: Translations Of The Lord Of The Rings
Famous quotes containing the words list of, list and/or translations:
“Shea—they call him Scholar Jack—
Went down the list of the dead.
Officers, seamen, gunners, marines,
The crews of the gig and yawl,
The bearded man and the lad in his teens,
Carpenters, coal-passers—all.”
—Joseph I. C. Clarke (1846–1925)
“My list of things I never pictured myself saying when I pictured myself as a parent has grown over the years.”
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“Woe to the world because of stumbling blocks! Occasions for stumbling are bound to come, but woe to the one by whom the stumbling block comes!”
—Bible: New Testament, Matthew 18:7.
Other translations use “temptations.”