Polyphony
The letters c, d, g, h, n, s, t and x have different sounds (phonemes) depending upon their environment: these are listed summarily below.
| Letter | c | d | g | h | n | s | t | x |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying sound | /k/ | /d/ | /ɡ/ | /h/ | /n/ | /s/ | /t/ | /ks/ |
| Primary phonemes | /s/ | /dʒ/ | ∅ | /ŋ/ | /z/ | /s/ | /z/, /ɡz/ | |
| Secondary phonemes | /ʃ/ | /dʒ/ | /ʃ/ /ʒ/ |
/tʃ/ /ʃ/ |
/kʃ/ |
The full set of consonantal phonemes for A-L is almost identical to that of English, lacking only /ð/.
| Sounds of A-L | Labials | Interdentals | Alveolars | Palatals | Velars | Glottals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stops | voiceless | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | |||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /ɡ/ | ||||
| Affricates | voiceless | /tʃ/ | |||||
| voiced | /dʒ/ | ||||||
| Fricatives | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /h/ | |
| voiced | /v/ | /z/ | /ʒ/ | ||||
| Nasals | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | ||||
| Approximants | /w/ | /ɹ/ /l/ |
/j/ | ||||
Read more about this topic: Traditional English Pronunciation Of Latin, Consonants, Consonantal Allophones