12th Century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1101 | Kılıç Arslan I defeats Stephen of Blois and Hugh of Vermandois of the second wave of First Crusades at the Battle of Mersivan (near modern Merzifon, Amasya Province, Central Anatolia.) | |
| 1107 | Kılıç Arslan conquers Musul, Iraq, but is defeated in the battle. | |
| 1110 | Şahinşah (1107–1116) (also called Melikşah, not to be confused with the sultan of Great Seljuk Empire with the same name) Continuous struggle with the Crusades weakens the state. | |
| 1116 | Mesut I (1116–1156) During the early years of his reign he has to accept the dominance of Danishmends a rival Turkish state in Anatolia. | |
| 1142 | Mehmed of Danishmends dies and the Sultanate of Rum become the leading power of Anatolia for the second time. | |
| 1147 | Mesut I defeats Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III of Second Crusade in the Second battle of Dorylaeum (near modern Eskişehir) | |
| Mesud I defeats French king Louis VII of Second Crusade at Laodicea (near modern Denizli, West Anatolia). | ||
| 1156 | Kılıç Arslan II (1156–1192) | |
| 1176 | Kılıç Arslan defeats Manuel I Komnenos of Byzantine Empire in the battle of Myriokephalon (probably near Çivril, Denizli Province, West Anatolia). | |
| 1178 | Kılıç Arslan II annexes Danishmend realm. (Sivas, and the surrounding territory, Central Anatolia.) | |
| 1186 | Kılıç Arslan II partitions the country into 11 provinces, each governed by one of his sons | |
| 1190 | Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa of Third Crusade crosses West Anatolia. While main Turkish army avoids conflict, several irregular troops try to fight, but are repelled. Temporary German occupation of capital Konya. | |
| 1190 | Frederick Barbarossa of Third Crusade dies near Silifke, Mersin Province in South Anatolia. | |
| 1192 | Keyhüsrev I (1192–1196) | |
| 1194 | After the collapse of Great Seljuk Empire, the Sultanate of Rum become the sole surviving branch of Seljuks. | |
| 1196 | Suleyman II of Rum (1196–1204) |
Read more about this topic: Timeline Of Turkish History
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